How to Properly Sanitize to Prevent Coronavirus Disease

The coronavirus disease, more commonly known as COVID-19, has significantly impacted our lives. Understanding how to effectively sanitize surfaces and objects is crucial in preventing its spread. This article provides a comprehensive guide on proper sanitization techniques, ensuring you can protect yourself and your community.

Table of Contents

Understanding Coronavirus and Transmission

COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This virus primarily spreads through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or breathes. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs. Transmission can also occur through contact with contaminated surfaces, followed by touching your face. This highlights the importance of regular and effective sanitization.

The virus can survive on various surfaces for varying lengths of time, depending on factors like temperature, humidity, and the type of surface. Studies have shown that the virus can persist on plastic and stainless steel for several days, while it may last for a shorter period on surfaces like copper and cardboard. Knowing this survival rate is vital for determining the frequency and intensity of sanitization efforts.

Key Definitions: Cleaning, Disinfecting, and Sanitizing

It’s essential to understand the difference between cleaning, disinfecting, and sanitizing, as these terms are often used interchangeably but have distinct meanings.

Cleaning refers to the removal of dirt, debris, and germs from surfaces. This process generally uses soap and water and does not necessarily kill germs, but it lowers their numbers and the risk of spreading infection. Think of cleaning as the first step in making a surface safer.

Disinfecting, on the other hand, uses chemicals to kill germs on surfaces. This process doesn’t necessarily clean surfaces or remove dirt, but by killing germs, it further lowers the risk of spreading infection. Disinfecting is a more potent method than cleaning.

Sanitizing is a process that lowers the number of germs on surfaces to a safe level, as judged by public health standards or requirements. This can be achieved by either cleaning or disinfecting, or both. Sanitizing is particularly important for surfaces that come into contact with food.

Choosing the Right Sanitizing Products

Selecting the appropriate sanitizing product is crucial for effective protection against COVID-19. Not all products are created equal, and it’s important to use those that are specifically effective against viruses like SARS-CoV-2.

Look for products that are EPA-registered disinfectants with claims against viruses. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides a list of disinfectants that meet their criteria for use against SARS-CoV-2. Always check the EPA registration number on the product label.

Commonly used and effective sanitizing agents include:

Alcohol-based sanitizers: Solutions containing at least 70% alcohol (ethanol or isopropyl alcohol) are effective at killing the virus.
Bleach solutions: A diluted bleach solution can be used to disinfect surfaces. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for proper dilution and safety precautions.
Hydrogen peroxide: A 3% hydrogen peroxide solution is an effective disinfectant.
Quaternary ammonium compounds: These are commonly found in disinfectant wipes and sprays.

Always read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for any sanitizing product. Pay close attention to the contact time, which is the amount of time the disinfectant needs to remain on the surface to be effective. Incorrect use of sanitizing products can render them ineffective and potentially harmful.

Step-by-Step Guide to Sanitizing Surfaces

Effective sanitization involves a systematic approach. Here’s a step-by-step guide to ensure thorough cleaning and disinfection:

Preparation: Before you begin, gather your supplies: disinfectant, cleaning cloths, gloves, and eye protection (if recommended by the product label). Ensure proper ventilation in the area you are cleaning.
Cleaning: Start by cleaning the surface with soap and water to remove any dirt or debris. This step is crucial because disinfectants work best on clean surfaces. Rinse the surface thoroughly.
Disinfecting: Apply the disinfectant according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Pay close attention to the contact time specified on the label. Ensure the surface remains wet for the required duration.
Drying: Allow the surface to air dry completely. Avoid wiping it dry, as this can re-contaminate the surface.
Hand Hygiene: After sanitizing, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol.

Sanitizing Different Types of Surfaces

The approach to sanitizing may vary depending on the type of surface. Here are some specific guidelines:

Hard, non-porous surfaces (e.g., countertops, tables, doorknobs): These surfaces can be effectively sanitized with disinfectants like bleach solutions, alcohol-based sanitizers, or quaternary ammonium compounds. Ensure the surface remains wet for the recommended contact time.
Soft, porous surfaces (e.g., carpets, upholstery): Cleaning and disinfecting these surfaces can be more challenging. Use products that are specifically designed for use on soft surfaces. Consider steam cleaning for deep cleaning and sanitization.
Electronics (e.g., smartphones, keyboards): Use disinfectant wipes or sprays specifically designed for electronics. Avoid spraying liquids directly onto the device. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning and disinfecting.
Food contact surfaces (e.g., cutting boards, utensils): Use food-grade sanitizers that are safe for use on surfaces that come into contact with food. Rinse thoroughly with potable water after sanitizing.

Frequency of Sanitization

The frequency of sanitization depends on the level of use and the potential for contamination. High-touch surfaces, such as doorknobs, light switches, and countertops, should be sanitized frequently, especially in areas with high traffic.

In public spaces, sanitization should occur multiple times a day. In homes, daily sanitization of high-touch surfaces is recommended. If someone in your household is sick, increase the frequency of sanitization.

Special Considerations for Specific Environments

Different environments require specific sanitization protocols to minimize the risk of COVID-19 transmission.

Homes

In homes, focus on sanitizing high-touch surfaces regularly. This includes doorknobs, light switches, countertops, faucets, and toilet handles. Ensure proper ventilation when using disinfectants. If someone in your household is sick, isolate them and increase the frequency of sanitization in shared spaces.

Workplaces

Workplaces should implement comprehensive sanitization protocols to protect employees and customers. This includes regular sanitization of workstations, common areas, and shared equipment. Provide hand sanitizer stations throughout the workplace and encourage frequent handwashing.

Schools

Schools should prioritize sanitization of classrooms, restrooms, and common areas. Focus on sanitizing high-touch surfaces, such as desks, chairs, and doorknobs. Ensure proper ventilation and encourage frequent handwashing among students and staff.

Healthcare Facilities

Healthcare facilities have the most stringent sanitization requirements due to the high risk of infection. Follow established infection control protocols for cleaning and disinfecting patient rooms, equipment, and common areas. Use hospital-grade disinfectants and adhere to strict hand hygiene practices.

Safety Precautions When Sanitizing

Sanitizing products can be harmful if used improperly. Always follow these safety precautions:

Read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions: This is the most important step. Pay attention to the recommended dilution, contact time, and safety precautions.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE): This may include gloves, eye protection, and a mask, depending on the product being used.
Ensure proper ventilation: Use sanitizing products in well-ventilated areas to avoid inhaling harmful fumes.
Never mix cleaning products: Mixing certain cleaning products, such as bleach and ammonia, can create toxic gases.
Keep sanitizing products out of reach of children and pets: Store products in a secure location where they cannot be accessed by children or animals.
Wash your hands thoroughly after sanitizing: This will remove any residual chemicals from your skin.

Common Sanitization Mistakes to Avoid

Avoiding common mistakes is crucial for effective sanitization. Here are some pitfalls to watch out for:

Not cleaning before disinfecting: Disinfectants work best on clean surfaces. Always clean surfaces with soap and water before disinfecting.
Using expired or diluted disinfectants: Ensure that your disinfectants are not expired and are properly diluted according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Not allowing sufficient contact time: The disinfectant needs to remain on the surface for the recommended contact time to be effective.
Wiping the surface dry too quickly: Allow the surface to air dry completely to maximize the effectiveness of the disinfectant.
Using the same cloth for multiple surfaces: This can spread germs from one surface to another. Use a clean cloth for each surface or use disposable wipes.
Neglecting hand hygiene: Sanitizing surfaces is only effective if you also practice good hand hygiene.

The Future of Sanitization and Infection Control

As we continue to navigate the COVID-19 pandemic and prepare for future outbreaks, ongoing research and development are leading to innovative sanitization technologies and strategies.

One area of focus is the development of more effective and environmentally friendly disinfectants. Researchers are exploring new chemicals and formulations that are less toxic and more sustainable.

Another area of innovation is the use of advanced technologies, such as UV-C light and electrostatic sprayers, for sanitizing large areas quickly and efficiently. These technologies are becoming increasingly common in hospitals, schools, and other public spaces.

Finally, there is a growing emphasis on proactive infection control measures, such as improved ventilation systems and enhanced hand hygiene practices. By implementing these strategies, we can create safer and healthier environments for everyone.

Proper sanitization is a critical component of preventing the spread of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. By understanding the principles of cleaning, disinfecting, and sanitizing, and by following the guidelines outlined in this article, you can effectively protect yourself and your community. Remember to choose the right products, follow safety precautions, and avoid common mistakes. By taking these steps, you can help create a safer and healthier world for all.

What are the most important areas to sanitize in my home to prevent the spread of coronavirus?

The surfaces you touch most frequently are the highest priority for disinfection. This includes doorknobs, light switches, countertops, tabletops, handles, desks, phones, keyboards, toilets, faucets, and sinks. Pay special attention to items shared by multiple people, and be sure to disinfect these frequently throughout the day, especially after someone has been out of the house or is showing any signs of illness.

Remember to also focus on areas where food is prepared and consumed, disinfecting these after each use. Use appropriate cleaning solutions and allow sufficient contact time as directed on the product label. Consistent and targeted disinfection is key to breaking the chain of transmission.

What is the difference between cleaning and disinfecting, and which is more important for coronavirus prevention?

Cleaning involves removing dirt and germs from surfaces, typically with soap and water. This process lowers the number of germs and reduces the risk of spreading infection. Disinfecting, on the other hand, kills germs on surfaces using chemicals. While cleaning is a good first step, disinfecting is crucial for eliminating the coronavirus.

For preventing coronavirus, disinfecting is more important than cleaning alone. While cleaning removes some germs, disinfecting actively kills them. Therefore, it is best to clean a surface first to remove any visible dirt or grime, and then disinfect it to ensure that any remaining coronavirus particles are deactivated.

What types of disinfectants are effective against the coronavirus?

EPA-registered disinfectants are the most reliable for eliminating the coronavirus. Look for products that specifically mention effectiveness against viruses, including coronaviruses, on their label. Common active ingredients include bleach, hydrogen peroxide, and alcohol solutions with at least 70% alcohol concentration.

Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for proper use, including the recommended contact time. Some disinfectants require the surface to remain wet for a specific duration to effectively kill the virus. Improper use of disinfectants can reduce their effectiveness and may even pose health risks.

How often should I sanitize surfaces to prevent coronavirus spread?

The frequency of sanitizing depends on several factors, including the level of community transmission, the number of people in your household, and how often people are entering and leaving the house. High-touch surfaces should be disinfected at least once a day, and more frequently if someone in the household is sick or if there are frequent visitors.

If no one is sick and the household is generally staying home, you may be able to reduce the frequency to every other day or a few times a week. However, after any potential exposure, such as a grocery shopping trip, it’s essential to disinfect surfaces that may have been touched with contaminated hands. Regular handwashing remains crucial in addition to surface disinfection.

How should I properly use bleach to disinfect surfaces against coronavirus?

When using bleach as a disinfectant, always dilute it properly with water. The CDC recommends a solution of 5 tablespoons (1/3 cup) of bleach per gallon of water, or 4 teaspoons of bleach per quart of water. Never mix bleach with ammonia or any other cleaning products, as this can create dangerous and potentially deadly fumes.

Apply the bleach solution to the surface and allow it to sit for at least one minute to ensure effective disinfection. Rinse the surface with clean water after disinfecting, especially if it is a food contact surface. Always wear gloves and eye protection when handling bleach to avoid skin and eye irritation.

What precautions should I take when using disinfectant products?

Always read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions on the product label carefully. This includes information on proper dilution, contact time, and safety precautions. Ensure adequate ventilation when using disinfectant products to avoid inhaling harmful fumes. Open windows and doors, or use a fan to circulate air.

Keep disinfectant products out of reach of children and pets. Store them in a secure location where they cannot be accidentally ingested or misused. Never mix different disinfectant products together, as this can create dangerous chemical reactions. Wash your hands thoroughly after using disinfectant products.

Can hand sanitizers be used to disinfect surfaces, or are they only for hands?

Hand sanitizers are primarily designed for disinfecting hands and are not the most effective choice for disinfecting surfaces. While they can provide some level of disinfection on surfaces, they are not as potent as dedicated surface disinfectants and may not eliminate all viruses and bacteria.

For disinfecting surfaces, it’s best to use EPA-registered disinfectants specifically formulated for that purpose. These products contain higher concentrations of antimicrobial agents and are designed to remain on surfaces for a longer period, allowing for more effective disinfection. Use hand sanitizer for hands and designated disinfectants for surfaces.