Viscose, also known as rayon, is a semi-synthetic fabric loved for its silky drape, vibrant color absorption, and affordable price point. It’s a popular choice for everything from dresses and blouses to linings and home décor. However, the delicate nature of viscose means it requires specific care, and one of the biggest care questions is: what happens if you machine dry viscose? The short answer is: shrinkage, and potentially irreversible damage. But let’s delve into the long answer, exploring the nuances of viscose fabric and the consequences of subjecting it to the tumble dryer.
Understanding Viscose: A Fabric with a Story
Viscose isn’t entirely natural, nor is it completely synthetic. It occupies a unique middle ground. It is derived from natural sources like wood pulp or cotton linters, but these raw materials undergo an intensive chemical process to create the viscose fiber.
The manufacturing process involves dissolving the cellulose from the wood pulp, forcing it through spinnerets to create fibers, and then solidifying those fibers. This process is what gives viscose its characteristic smooth texture and desirable drape. But this manufacturing also affects its durability and response to heat.
The Structure of Viscose Fibers
The internal structure of viscose fibers is the key to understanding its susceptibility to shrinkage. These fibers are relatively weak, especially when wet. The manufacturing process doesn’t create a tightly interlocked structure like natural fibers like cotton.
The loose structure allows water molecules to easily penetrate the fibers. This penetration causes the fibers to swell. When heat is applied, as in a dryer, the water evaporates rapidly, causing the fibers to constrict and clump together. This clumping results in shrinkage.
The Perils of the Dryer: Why Heat is Viscose’s Enemy
The heat of a tumble dryer is the main culprit when viscose goes wrong. Here’s why:
Shrinkage Explained: The Irreversible Change
The high heat in a dryer causes the viscose fibers to shrink significantly. This shrinkage is often irreversible, meaning you cannot stretch the garment back to its original size and shape. The amount of shrinkage can vary depending on the quality of the fabric and the intensity of the dryer setting, but it’s rarely insignificant. Expect to lose at least one size, potentially more.
Damage to the Fabric Integrity: Weakening and Warping
Beyond shrinkage, the dryer can also damage the overall integrity of the viscose fabric. The intense heat can weaken the fibers, making them more prone to tearing and damage in the future. The fabric can also become warped or misshapen, losing its original drape and aesthetic appeal.
Color Fading: Dull and Lifeless
High heat can also cause the dyes in viscose fabric to fade. This can leave your garment looking dull and lifeless, robbing it of its vibrant color. Darker colors are generally more susceptible to fading than lighter colors.
Surface Changes: Pilling and Texture Alteration
The abrasive action inside the dryer can cause the fibers on the surface of the viscose fabric to break and tangle, resulting in pilling. This creates a rough, uneven texture that detracts from the fabric’s smooth finish.
Identifying Viscose: How to Know What You’re Dealing With
Before you even consider washing or drying a garment, it’s crucial to identify the fabric content. This information is typically found on the care label sewn into the garment. Look for the words “viscose,” “rayon,” or “modal.” Sometimes, the label might specify a blend, such as “viscose/cotton” or “viscose/polyester.”
The Care Label: Your Best Friend
The care label is your primary source of information about how to properly care for a garment. Pay close attention to the washing and drying instructions. If the label says “hand wash only” or “dry clean only,” heed that warning. If it says “machine wash cold” and “line dry,” avoid the temptation to toss it in the dryer.
The Feel Test: A Subjective Assessment
If the care label is missing or illegible, you can try to identify the fabric by feel. Viscose typically has a smooth, silky texture. It drapes well and feels cool to the touch. However, this method isn’t foolproof, as other fabrics can mimic the feel of viscose.
Safe Drying Methods: Alternatives to the Dryer
So, if the dryer is off-limits, how do you dry viscose safely? The best methods involve air drying, minimizing the risk of shrinkage and damage.
Line Drying: The Traditional Approach
Line drying is the simplest and most gentle method. After washing, gently squeeze out excess water (do not wring). Hang the garment on a clothesline or drying rack, preferably in a shaded area to prevent fading. Avoid using clothespins directly on delicate areas, as they can leave marks.
Flat Drying: Preventing Stretching
For heavier viscose items, flat drying is recommended to prevent stretching. Lay the garment flat on a clean, dry towel or drying rack. Reshape the garment as needed to maintain its original shape. Turn the garment over periodically to ensure even drying.
Using a Steamer: Releasing Wrinkles
Once the viscose garment is dry, it might have some wrinkles. Avoid using a hot iron, as this can also damage the fabric. Instead, use a steamer to gently release wrinkles. Hold the steamer a few inches away from the fabric and move it slowly and evenly.
What to Do If You Accidentally Dried Your Viscose Garment
Despite your best efforts, accidents happen. If you’ve accidentally dried your viscose garment, don’t despair entirely. Here’s what you can try:
Act Quickly: The Sooner, the Better
The sooner you address the issue, the better your chances of salvaging the garment. Remove the garment from the dryer as soon as possible.
Soak and Gently Stretch: A Potential Remedy
Fill a basin or sink with lukewarm water. Submerge the garment in the water and let it soak for about 30 minutes. This will help to relax the fibers. After soaking, gently stretch the garment back to its original size and shape. Be careful not to pull too hard, as this can damage the weakened fibers.
Air Dry and Reshape: Hope for the Best
Lay the garment flat on a towel and reshape it carefully. Allow it to air dry completely, avoiding direct sunlight or heat. Check the garment periodically and reshape it as needed while it’s drying. While this method might not completely restore the garment to its original size, it might help to minimize the damage.
Preventive Measures: Caring for Viscose from the Start
The best way to avoid the dreaded viscose shrinkage is to take preventive measures from the beginning. Proper care and handling can significantly extend the lifespan of your viscose garments.
Hand Washing: The Gentlest Option
When possible, hand washing is the gentlest way to clean viscose. Use cool water and a mild detergent. Avoid harsh chemicals like bleach. Gently agitate the garment in the water and rinse thoroughly.
Machine Washing: If Necessary, Proceed with Caution
If you choose to machine wash viscose, use a delicate cycle with cold water. Place the garment in a mesh laundry bag to protect it from abrasion. Use a mild detergent specifically designed for delicate fabrics.
Ironing Viscose: Low Heat and Protection
If ironing is necessary, use a low heat setting and iron the garment inside out. Place a pressing cloth between the iron and the fabric to prevent scorching or damage.
Viscose Blends: A Slightly Different Story
The behavior of viscose blends in the dryer depends on the other fibers in the blend.
Viscose-Cotton Blends
Viscose-cotton blends are typically more resistant to shrinkage than pure viscose, but they can still shrink in the dryer. The cotton fibers provide some stability, but the viscose component is still susceptible to heat damage.
Viscose-Polyester Blends
Viscose-polyester blends are generally more durable and less prone to shrinkage than pure viscose. Polyester is a synthetic fiber that is resistant to heat and shrinkage. However, even in these blends, it’s best to err on the side of caution and avoid machine drying.
Professional Cleaning: When in Doubt, Seek Help
If you’re unsure about how to care for a viscose garment, or if it’s particularly delicate or expensive, it’s always best to take it to a professional dry cleaner. Dry cleaners have the expertise and equipment to clean and care for delicate fabrics safely. They can also provide valuable advice on how to maintain your garments.
The Cost-Benefit Analysis of Dry Cleaning
While dry cleaning can be more expensive than washing at home, it can be a worthwhile investment for preserving the lifespan of your favorite viscose garments. Consider the cost of replacing a shrunk or damaged garment versus the cost of professional cleaning.
Communicating with Your Dry Cleaner
When taking a viscose garment to the dry cleaner, be sure to point out any stains or areas of concern. Also, ask about their experience with cleaning viscose and whether they have any special recommendations.
In conclusion, while the allure of quickly drying your viscose garments in a machine might be tempting, the risks far outweigh the convenience. Machine drying viscose almost always leads to shrinkage and can cause irreversible damage to the fabric. By understanding the nature of viscose, following proper care instructions, and opting for safe drying methods, you can keep your viscose garments looking beautiful for years to come. Remember, prevention is always better than cure when it comes to caring for this delicate fabric.
What exactly happens to viscose when it’s machine dried?
Viscose, a semi-synthetic fabric, is known for its delicate nature and susceptibility to shrinkage when exposed to high heat. Machine drying viscose can lead to significant and often irreversible shrinkage because the heat causes the rayon fibers within the fabric to contract and tighten. This shrinkage can dramatically alter the garment’s fit and appearance, rendering it unwearable or requiring extensive alterations.
Moreover, the tumbling action in a machine dryer can also cause physical damage to the viscose fibers. This can manifest as weakened areas, a rougher texture, and potentially even tears. The combined effect of heat and physical stress makes machine drying a risky process for viscose fabrics, often resulting in a noticeably smaller and potentially damaged garment.
How much shrinkage can I expect if I machine dry viscose?
The amount of shrinkage you can expect from machine drying viscose varies, but it’s generally substantial compared to more resilient fabrics. Viscose garments can shrink anywhere from 3% to 10% or even more when subjected to the high heat and tumbling of a standard machine dryer. This percentage translates to a significant difference in the overall dimensions of the garment, particularly in length and width.
Several factors influence the exact shrinkage percentage, including the specific viscose blend, the garment’s construction, and the dryer’s heat setting. Higher heat settings will invariably lead to more pronounced shrinkage. The initial quality and pre-treatment of the viscose fibers also play a role, with lower-quality or improperly treated fabrics being more prone to drastic changes in size.
Are there any exceptions where I can safely machine dry viscose?
While generally not recommended, there might be rare exceptions where machine drying viscose is less risky. Some viscose garments are pre-shrunk during manufacturing, which significantly reduces their tendency to shrink further in a dryer. Look for labels that specifically state “pre-shrunk” or “machine washable and dryable” before attempting to machine dry the item.
Even with pre-shrunk viscose, it’s crucial to use extreme caution and opt for the lowest possible heat setting if machine drying. Air drying or tumble drying on a no-heat or “air fluff” setting is always the safest option. Consider placing the garment inside a mesh laundry bag for added protection against the dryer’s tumbling action, minimizing potential fiber damage.
What are the best methods for drying viscose to avoid shrinkage?
The most effective way to dry viscose without causing shrinkage is to avoid machine drying altogether. Air drying is the preferred method, allowing the garment to gently dry without the damaging effects of heat and agitation. Lay the viscose item flat on a clean, dry surface or hang it on a padded hanger in a well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight.
If hanging, ensure the garment’s weight is evenly distributed to prevent stretching or distortion. Avoid using wooden or wire hangers, as they can leave marks or snag the delicate fibers. Gently reshape the garment as it dries to maintain its original form and prevent excessive wrinkling. Allow ample time for the viscose to dry completely, as this can take longer than synthetic fabrics.
Can I stretch viscose back to its original size after machine drying?
Stretching viscose back to its original size after machine drying is challenging and not always successful. While some slight stretching may be possible, significant shrinkage is often irreversible due to the altered structure of the fibers. Attempting to aggressively stretch the fabric can further damage it, potentially leading to tears or permanent distortion.
However, you can try a gentle stretching method while the garment is still damp. Lay the damp viscose item flat on a clean towel and gently pull and reshape it to its original dimensions. Secure the edges with pins to maintain the desired shape as it dries. This method might help regain some lost length or width, but it’s important to proceed with caution and avoid overstretching.
What laundry settings are best for washing viscose before drying?
When washing viscose before drying, selecting the right laundry settings is crucial for minimizing shrinkage and preserving the fabric’s quality. Always opt for a delicate or hand-wash cycle with cold water, as hot water can contribute to shrinkage and color fading. Use a mild detergent specifically formulated for delicate fabrics and avoid harsh chemicals like bleach, which can damage the viscose fibers.
Turn the garment inside out before washing to protect the outer layer from abrasion and fading. Avoid overloading the washing machine, as this can cause excessive friction and damage to the viscose. After washing, gently remove excess water by pressing the garment between two clean towels rather than wringing it out, which can distort the shape and weaken the fibers.
Does the type of viscose blend affect its shrinkage potential in a dryer?
Yes, the type of viscose blend significantly impacts its shrinkage potential when machine dried. Viscose is often blended with other fibers like cotton, polyester, or spandex, which can alter its response to heat and tumbling. Blends with a higher percentage of viscose are typically more prone to shrinkage than blends with a smaller amount.
Fabrics blended with more stable fibers like polyester may exhibit less shrinkage compared to those blended with more delicate fibers like cotton. Additionally, the weave and knit construction of the fabric play a role, with looser weaves tending to shrink more than tighter weaves. Always check the garment’s care label for specific instructions regarding washing and drying, taking the blend composition into consideration.